Motivation. Directive-based GPU programming models are gaining momentum since they transparently relieve programmers from dealing with complex language syntax of low-level GPU programming, which often involves diverse architectural details. However, too much abstraction in directive models puts a significant burden on programmers in terms of debugging and performance optimizations. To improve debuggability/tunability for the directive-based GPU programming models, we must have a systematic approach that exposes more information to programmers while still maintaining high-level abstraction. To facilitate research on other important features, such as resilience and scalability, more intuitive and extensible compiler framework will be need. Open Accelerator Research Compiler (OpenARC) OpenARC is a new, open source compiler framework, which provides extensible environment, where various performance optimizations, traceability mechanisms, fault tolerance techniques, etc., can be built for better debuggability/performance/resilience on the complex accelerator computing.
OpenARC has the following salient features:. OpenARC is the first open source compiler supporting full features of and subset of v2.0, which allows full research contexts on directive-based GPU computing.
OpenARC is designed with extensibility in mind. Built on top of, OpenARC is equipped with various advanced compile-time analysis and transformation techniques, which provide basic building blocks to easily create more advanced compiler passes. Combined with its very high-level intermediate representation (IR) augmented with a rich set of directives, OpenARC provides a powerful research framework for various source-to-source translation and instrumentation experiments, even for porting various Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs). Within OpenARC, various traceability mechanisms can be implemented to keep the connection between input directive models and output codes/performance, because OpenARC has clear separation between analysis passes and transformation passes, and all compiler passes communicate with each other through annotations. As an OpenACC directive compiler, OpenARC has various additional directives/environment variables for internal tracing and GPU-specific optimizations. Bionaire BWF65 Wick Filter. Combined with its built-in tuning tools, OpenARC allows users to control overall OpenACC-to-GPU translation and optimization in a fine-grained, but still abstract manner, offering very high tunability.
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Extensible Program Representation in OpenARC Built on top of the Cetus compiler infrastructure, OpenARC's program representation inherits several of its predecessor's salient features. OpenARC's IR is implemented in the form of a Java class hierarchy, and it provides an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)-like syntactic view of the input program that makes it easy for compiler-pass writers to analyze and transform the input program.
As shown in the above figure, the Program class type represents the entire program that may consist of multiple source files, and the TranslationUnit class type represents each of the source files. Each TranslationUnit object contains IR objects of two base types: Declaration and Statement. Each Declaration object contains Declarator IR objects, and each Statement object consists Expression IR objects. Other IR class types for specific language constructs are derived from these base classes (e.g., DeclarationStatement represents a Statement that contains a Declaration). This hierarchical IR class structure provides complete data abstraction such that compiler-pass writers need only manipulate the objects through access functions, thus the AST-like view.
OpenARC supports the following important features derived from Cetus. Traversable IR objects. All OpenARC IR objects extend a base class Traversable, which provides the basic functionality to iterate over IR objects. Combined with various built-in iterators (e.g., BreadthFirst, DepthFirst, Flat, etc.), these provide easy traversal and search over the AST-like, n-ary tree structures of the program representation. Rich Annotations. Annotation is a base class type to represent any type of annotations used in OpenARC. By deriving this base class, various types of information, such as comments, directives, raw codes to be inlined, etc., can be added to the OpenARC IRs. An annotation can be associated with any Annotatable IR objects (e.g., OpenMP/OpenACC directives attached to a ForLoop statement) or can be stand-alone like a comment statement. Flexible Printing.
The printing functions in each IR class type allow flexible rendering of the program representation, depending on the target languages and translation goals. Symbol table. OpenARC's symbol table functionality provides information about identifiers and data types by directly accessing the information stored in declaration statements without using separate and redundant symbol table storage. OpenARC Compilation Flow The OpenARC compiler consists of the following major passes, each of which provides one or more checkpoints.
Within checkpoints, intermediate results can be saved as output codes with annotations. This is useful for manual debugging or for implementing traceability mechanisms. Cetus parser calls C preprocessor to handle header files, macro expansion, etc., and converts the preprocessed OpenACC program into an internal representation (OpenARC IR). Input preprocessor parses OpenACC directives and performs initial code transformations for later passes, including selective procedure cloning to enable context-sensitive, interprocedural analyses/transformations. OpenACC loop-directive preprocessor interprets loop directives, extracts necessary implicit information from the loop constructs and stores them as internal/external annotations, and performs initial loop transformations according to explicit/implicit rules. OpenACC analysis checks the correctness of the overall OpenACC directives and derives sharing rules for the data not explicitly specified by programmers.
User-directive handler interprets additional annotations provided as a separate file, and stores them into IR. Optimization pass performs various optimizations such as privatization, reduction recognition, locality analysis, etc. All the optimization results are stored as annotations to inform later transformation passes. Transformation pass conducts several pre-transformations according to the results passed from the optimization pass. OpenACC-to-Accelerator translation generates output accelerator codes with post-transformations that are possible only at output codes.
OpenARC Tuning Framework. Overall Tuning Framework. In the figure, input OpenARC code is an output IR from OpenACC annotation parser in the compilation flow. The overall tuning process is as follows:.
The search space pruner analyzes an input OpenARC program plus optional user settings, which exist as annotations in the input program, and suggests application tuning parameters. The tuning configuration generator builds a search space, further prunes the space using the optimization space setup file if user-provided, and generates tuning configuration files for the given search space. For each tuning configuration, the A2G translator generates an output accelerator program. The tuning engine procudes executables from the generated accelerator programs and measures the performance of the output programs by running the executables. The tuning engine decides a direction to the next search and requests to generate new configurations. The last three steps are repeated, as needed.
In the the example tuning framework, a programmer can replace the tuning engine with any custom engine; all the other steps from finding tunable parameters to complex code changes for each tuning configuration are automatically handled by the compilation system in OpenARC. Preliminary Evaluation The following figure shows the preliminary performance of various applications translated by OpenARC.
SMS Installer is only available by download and is not included with the SMS 2003 product. To download SMS Installer, see the Microsoft SMS Web site. You must first run the downloaded self-extracting file on a SMS 2003 primary site server. When SMS Installer has verified that your computer is a SMS 2003 site server, it copies SMS Installer with ISU installation files to the computer in the directory chosen. The default directory location is C: SMS Installer Setup. Use Microsoft Windows Explorer to navigate to the SMS Installer Setup directory.
Copy the SMSInstl.exe file to the reference computer. To set up SMS Installer on the reference computer, double-click the SMSInstl icon. Or, you can share the SMS Installer Setup directory, map a drive to this share from the reference computer, and run SMSInstl.exe. After you set up SMS Installer, you can either access the tools from the Start menu or use Windows Explorer to navigate to the C: Program Files Microsoft SMS Installer directory.
When you find the directory, double-click the SMSins32 icon. The 32-bit version can create 16-bit or 32-bit SMS Installer-generated executable files. On This Page Creating Scripts with the Installation Expert The Installation Expert creates installation scripts that control the installation process. These installation scripts contain script commands, each of which performs a single action. You can specify the actions that are performed by SMS Installer installation scripts by setting options in the Installation Attributes list. The Installation Expert user interface includes Repackage Installation Wizard and Watch Application Wizard options. These tools create automatically generated installation scripts.
The scripts simply contain commands that place files in directories and set registry keys. Running an Installation Wizard After you copy the SMS Installer files to your reference computer and set up SMS Installer, you must edit all SMS Installer attributes. Then, create the installation script by choosing one of the follow methods:. Use the Watch Application Wizard if a setup program for your application does not exist. Use the Repackage Installation Wizard if a setup program for your application exists, but you want to replace it.
Use Script Editor if you want to create the script without running either wizard. Keep the existing setup program, but wrap it with an installation script. This approach is transparent to the user but allows you to customize the existing setup script. As a result, you retain the error-checking and branching that are built into many existing setup scripts. You must manually replace all the error-checking and branching in the installation script if you use the Repackage Installation Wizard.
Customizing Installation Attributes Installation Expert is a flexible tool that can provide many ways to modify an installation script. Before you run either the Repackage Installation Wizard or the Watch Application Wizard, check the following installation attributes and ensure that they are set in the way that your installation requires:. Installation Interface. Application Files. Runtime Support. User Configuration. System Configuration.
Advanced Configuration Each of these attributes provides a number of script optimization options. You can find brief descriptions of these options in Table 7.2. For more information, see the SMS Installer Help. To access these options, click Installation Expert on the View menu, and then double-click the attribute to display its dialog box. Installation Interface Attribute Table 7.2 lists and describes the functions of the Installation Interface attribute options.
This attribute customizes the installation interface of the installation script that you are creating. Table 7.2 Installation Interface Attribute Options Option Tab Description/note Single File or Floppy-Based Installation Media Compiles the source directory and installation script into a single file or divides the file into parts. Places the file into a directory with the same name as the installation script. Settings Media When you choose Floppy-Based Installation, you can set the file size.
Software Title Application Enter the name to be used in wizard dialog box titles, in the Welcome dialog box, and as the primary icon name. Do not use the word installation in the title because SMS adds it automatically. Default Directory Application Name the top-level directory for the installation.
In Windows 98 and Windows NT 4.0 installations, SMS places this file under Program Files. Dialogs Application Selects dialog boxes for installation. Provides nine standard dialog boxes.
These can be edited by selecting the Dialog Templates option on the Edit menu. This launches the Custom Dialog Editor, which is a separate application to help you manage your dialog boxes. In the Custom Dialog Editor, you can also add additional dialog boxes from the File menu. Graphics Graphics Adds graphics to the installation and changes the graphics properties. Status MIF SMS Sets up an SMS Status MIF file. Application Files Attribute You can use the Application Files attribute to add, modify, and sort all the components and files that SMS installs with the SMS Installer-generated executable file.
To select the components that you want to install, use the Components tab. Components are installed in the order that they appear on this tab.
You can use Add, Delete, Move Up, and Move Down to create a list of the components that you want installed and the order you want them installed. Use the Files tab to add, modify, and sort the folders and files you use in your installation. The user interface of the Application Files Attribute Properties dialog box consists of a top pane where you locate the folders or files to include in your script and a lower pane where you select a location to install these folders or files on the target computer.
Runtime Support Attribute You can use the Runtime Support attribute to add additional components for Microsoft Visual Basic® and Microsoft Visual FoxPro®. The options on the Visual Basic tab are most useful when you create your own application with Visual Basic. In the Options dialog box, select components and add them to your installation.
By default, only the Uninstall Support option is selected. You can edit several of the installation components by clicking Details. Use the Visual Basic tab to include Visual Basic run-time components.
You must specify the directory where your Visual Basic system is installed so that SMS Installer can retrieve the run-time files. You can also specify the operating system; SMS Installer includes the run-time files for the operating system that you specify.
The Runtime Support dialog box groups some of the Visual Basic run-time components so that a single check box includes all the files. You can include other single Visual Basic OLE custom controls (.ocx files) or dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) by using the Files dialog box of the Application Files attribute. Use the Visual FoxPro tab to select Visual FoxPro run-time component installation options. The Runtime Support dialog box groups some of the Visual FoxPro components so that a single check box includes all the files. You must specify the directory where your Visual FoxPro system is installed so that SMS Installer can retrieve the run-time files, or you can specify remote server support.
User Configuration Attribute Use the User Configuration attribute to create program groups and associate icons with installable programs, to associate file types with viewing applications, to edit.ini files, and to change the registry of the target computer. Table 7.3 lists and describes the functions of the User Configuration attribute options. Table 7.3 User Configuration Attribute Options Option Tab Description/note Select default group name for program manager group Icons Provide the name used as a submenu item. Set up Associations Associations Set up associations between files with extensions unknown to the system and the applications used to view or run the files.
Modify.ini Files INI Files Modify.ini file settings. Change registry on target computer Registry Set up changes that will be made to the registry of target computers during the installation. System Configuration Attribute Use the System Configuration attribute to add or change devices for operating systems other than Windows NT, to add or delete services in the installation script, or to cause the installation script to modify the Autoexec.bat or Config.sys file. Table 7.4 lists and describes the functions of the System Configuration attribute options. Table 7.4 System Configuration Attribute Options Options Tab Description/note Modify the 386enh section of the System.ini file Devices Add or delete devices or modify device properties. Add services or edit their properties Services Add services to Control Panel or modify the service properties. Modify Autoexec.bat file Autoexec.bat Produce a script that modifies the Autoexec.bat files of the target computer.
You can choose to search for a line in Autoexec.bat where you can insert the new line. Make sure that the Autoexec.bat files of the target computers all contain the fields you search for. Modify Config.sys file Config.sys Produce a script that modifies the Config.sys file of the target computer.
You can choose to search for a line in Autoexec.bat where you can insert the new line. Make sure that the Config.sys files of the target computers all contain the fields you search for. Advanced Configuration Attribute Use the Advanced Configuration attribute to set advanced options such as screen, font, languages, updating, and global variables. Table 7.5 lists and describes the functions of Advanced Configuration attribute options. Table 7.5 Advanced Configuration Attribute Options Option Tab Description/note Maximum Compression Global Select to choose a higher compression ratio for SMS Installer-generated executable files. Control Installation Speed Global Select to slow the installation process on fast computers to allow the graphics to display.
No Installation Log Global Select to prevent creation of an installation log file. Prevents use of Uninstaller. Use this option if you are only copying files to the Windows, System, or Temporary directory. Use Internal 3-D Effects Global Select to embed Ctl3d.dll into the installation executable file during installation. Presents dialog boxes in 3-D format. This option adds about 11 KB to the file size. ZIP Compatible Global Select to make the SMS Installer-generated executable file compatible with programs that read standard ZIP file format.
Robert paynter. Replace in-use files Global Select to collect a list of files that must be replaced but are currently in use. Replaces files after rebooting the computer. Adds about 15 KB to the file size. Convert CD-ROM to Floppy Global Select to change an existing installation script from a CD installation to a floppy disk installation. Beep in New Disk Prompt Global Select to create an audio alert when a new disk is needed. Used in floppy disk installations only.
Suppress Reboot Message During Silent Installation Global Select to suppress reboot messages during an unattended installation. Network Installation Global Select to reduce network traffic. Files that already exist on the computer are skipped, rather than reinstalled. Use Verbose Output During MSI Compilation Global Select to receive all SMS Installer to Windows Installer migration details, including the status of each file that is converted. Include Advertisement Support in MSI Output Global Select to add support for the Windows Installer install-on-demand (advertisement) option. Installation Password Global Select an installation password. SMS Installer will prompt for this password during installation.
Install Log Path Name Global Type a full path to a file that is used as a log file. Path characters must be alphanumeric. Destination Platforms Global Select 16-bit and 32-bit platforms on which the software can be installed.
Progress Dialog Placement Screen Select where the Copy dialog box appears during installation. Progress Bar Based On Screen Select an option for the progress bar. Possible values are: Position in Installation.exe (equal to the percentage of time for the percent done). Position in script (equal the percentage of time in each command regardless of relative time in each command). Percentage of selected files (equal the percentage of time for each file regardless of size). Custom Progress Bar DLL Screen Browse to choose a custom DLL to be used for the progress bar instead of the actual Progress dialog box.
Center All Dialogs Over Progress Dialog Screen Select to center all dialog boxes and message boxes above the message bar. Background Gradient Screen Select the size of the background window. Title Bar Screen Select to display the title bar at top of the screen.
Hide Program Manager Screen Select to suppress Program Manager when icons are added or deleted. No Background Gradient Screen Select to eliminate the background gradient. This option is most useful when you have a background graphic. Top Color Screen Select a color for the top of the gradient.
Bottom Color Screen Select a color for the bottom of the gradient. Screen Preview Screen Displays the background window that you have created with your options. Bold or Light Fonts Font Select normal fonts always, bold fonts always, or bold fonts for all platforms except Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0, and Windows 2000. Message Box Font Font Select a font for message box text. Point Size Font Select the point size of message box text. Message Charset Font Select the character set number of message box text. If you translate your installation into Japanese, you must either set this field to 128 and set the Message Box font to MS Gothic or set the field to 0.
Languages Languages Select which languages to include in the file. Default Language Languages Select the default language. Japanese font name Languages Select the default name for the Japanese font. Japanese Point Size Languages Select the point size for the Japanese font. Copy Default Languages Specify the default font name and point size.
Pickit 2 Compiler Installation
If you select this box, messages appear in the default language when messages have no translation into the current language. Always Prompt Languages Select to have SMS prompt the user for a language when the script is compiled and language messages are missing. Prompt to Save Options Select to be prompted to save the file each time a new SMS Installer-generated executable file is created. Run in Manual Mode Options Select to be prompted to select the locations for certain files each time that you run your installation.
Show Toolbar Tips Options Select to make ToolTips part of your installation. Show Status Bar Tips Options Select to make status bar tips available. Append New Items Options Select to append new items after the currently selected action, rather than before the action, as you edit your installation script. Suppress Version Error Options Select to suppress version checking during the Install File action, when a file that does not have a version resource is detected. Background Processing Options Select to enable your system to process background tasks during the compile process.
Smart Create Options Select to detect if the date or time of an SMS Installer-generated executable file has changed and to create a new file only if the date or time has changed. Fast Create Options Select to speed up the installation-creation process by copying the compressed version of files from a previous installation script to the new file.
If the size or date of a file has changed, the file is replaced. Exclude DLLs Options Specify DLLs to exclude from dependency checking in the Watch Application Wizard. Installation.exe name Settings Type a full path for the executable file or browse to the directory. Language INI Name Settings Type a path (or browse) to the.ini file that contains the language translations for the installation. Setup Icon Path Settings Type a path (or browse) for the Setup file icon (16-bit only). Dialogs Directory Settings Type a path (or browse) to the directory that contains the dialog boxes. Temp Files Directory Settings Type a path (or browse) to the directory that contains the temporary files.
Installation Wizard For Vista
Do Not Create Patching Updates Updating Click to provide copies of entire files rather than creating updates. Create Patching Updates Updating Click to provide updates instead of creating copies of entire files. Error Checking Updating Select the level of error messages. Update Threshold Updating Select a percentage of a file that is replaced where updating occurs below a particular limit but the entire file is replaced above this limit. Maximum Memory Updating Select a size, in kilobytes, to limit the amount of memory that can be used to create an update.
Maximum Update Compression Updating Select to enable maximum compression for the update file. Add Compiler Variables Opens the Compiler Variable Settings dialog box so you can add another variable to the list. Delete Compiler Variables Deletes the selected variable. Properties Compiler Variables Click to display properties of the selected variable. Opens the Compiler Variable Settings dialog box. Compiling from Command Line Compiler Variables Select to prompt the end user to provide compiler variables when compiling from the command line. Compiling from IDE Compiler Variables Select to prompt the end user to provide compiler variable when compiling from an integrated development environment (IDE).
Do not create a Code-Signed Installation Signing Select to create an unsigned installation. Create a Code-Signed Installation Signing Select to create a code-signed installation. Web URL Signing Add a Web URL for this installation. Descriptive Name Signing Provide a descriptive name for the Web URL. Credentials File Signing Select a credentials file for the URL. Private Key Signing Select a private key for the credentials file. CAB File Signing Choose whether to create a.cab file.
Microsoft Installation Wizard
If you create a.cab file, SMS Installer places the.exe file in the.cab file. Optionally, you can provide the contents of a Setup.inf file. File Version Version Type the version number of the setup program. Description Version Type a short description of the setup program. You can enter up to 256 characters.
Copyright Version Type the copyright information for the setup program. You can enter up to 256 characters. Other Version Info Version Provides additional information about the setup program. This includes Company Name, Internal Name, Language, Legal Trademarks, Original File Name, Product Name, and Product Version.
You can modify the information by highlighting the item in the Item Name box and then modifying the value in the Value box. For More Information Did you find this information useful? Please send your suggestions and comments about the documentation to.
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